Heart valve replacement is an area in medicine which has made great advancements and is a very common procedure. This procedure is 94-97% effective and can drastically increase the life expectancy of the patient.

The diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer has been one of the most hopeful advances in medicine over the past several years. The new lung cancer screening guidelines allow for the screening for younger individuals with less of a smoking history - making lung cancer a disease that is no longer a death sentence.

The misuse and overuse of antibiotics is contributing to the rapid emergence of resistant bacteria and endangering the efficacy of antibiotics. Considered the next pandemic, antibiotic resistance is a threat to global health and food security.

Cases of, and morbidity from, diabetes continues to rise. One of the critical areas of work is to stop pre-diabetes from turning into full-fledged diabetes.